Thioguanine is used to treat acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. It belongs to the group of medicines known as antimetabolites. Thioguanine interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed. Thioguanine is used to treat acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. It belongs to the group of medicines known as antimetabolites. Thioguanine interferes with the growth of cancer cells, which are eventually destroyed.